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Reports2 min read

Urban Thermodynamics Reconstruction: How Spatial Morphology Drives Global Urban Cooling Demand and Climate Resilience

In-depth analysis of the spatial form-driven mechanisms behind urban thermodynamic evolution. This paper explores the differential impact of urban expansion (horizontal growth, vertical densification, infill) on urban cooling demand (UCD), revealing the structural advantages and risks of different urban forms in climate change adaptation and energy efficiency.

Reports7 min read

Waterways Are Not Vacant Land: The Decline of Blue Space in Khulna and the Strategic Blind Spot of Secondary Coastal Cities Worldwide

A study of water body changes in Khulna, Bangladesh, shows that between 1994 and 2024, surface water bodies shrank from 4.20 square kilometers to 2.27 square kilometers, while the share of built-up area rose from 25.9% to 53.3%. Behind these figures lies a more universal issue: when cities treat water as idle land, the power to define infrastructure determines how a city’s future risks are ranked.

Reports7 min read

After Density: City Shape Is Becoming the Next Frontline of Climate Policy

A global study covering 1975 to 2020 and more than 11,000 urban centers shows that more compact urban geometry is associated with lower per capita emissions, and this association is significantly stronger in low- and middle-income countries, while weaker or even insignificant in high-income regions. What is truly noteworthy is not that "compact cities work," but rather: the climate dividend of urban form has clear stage-specific and geographic characteristics.

Reports7 min read

The "Spatial Blind Spot" of Urban Sustainability Science: Why the Built Environment Cannot Just Be a Background

A systematic review based on 630 publications shows that over 90% of urban social-ecological system studies treat the built environment as a passive backdrop. This paper comments on this "spatial blind spot" and its profound implications for urban sustainability governance, and analyzes why a spatial systems framework is a necessary theoretical evolution for the urban age.

Reports4 min read

The Hidden Transformation of Urban Water Systems: Strategic Implications from Gondar's Water Supply Transitions

Research in Gondar, Ethiopia, reveals that urban water supply is quietly shifting from surface water to groundwater. This change is not merely a local case but also reflects the infrastructure dilemmas faced by cities in the Global South under climate change and rapid urbanization. This article analyzes the long-term implications of this transformation from a strategic perspective.